
Air Fryer Mini Apple Pies
Mini apple pies air-fried with cinnamon and lemon.

Pie is defined by its structure: a filling held by pastry, topped with pastry, or both. That structure is what makes pie feel comforting, but it also creates the main technical challenge, getting a crisp crust and a properly cooked filling at the same time.
Once you understand how different pie methods manage moisture and heat, you can choose recipes that suit your schedule, whether you’re baking and serving straight away or planning ahead.
A pie is a filled bake where pastry forms a base, a lid, or a casing that contains the filling. The filling can be savoury, such as meat and vegetables in gravy, or sweet, such as fruit or custard. Some pies are deep and substantial; others are shallow tarts that still rely on pastry for their defining contrast.
Pie does not automatically mean a double crust. Open pies and lattice-topped pies are common, and the choice affects how the filling reduces and sets. It also does not guarantee a particular pastry: shortcrust, puff pastry and other doughs each bring different textures and baking behaviour.

Mini apple pies air-fried with cinnamon and lemon.
Creamy chicken, leek and pea filling baked under a crisp puff pastry lid

Coconut cream pie with coconut custard and whipped cream

Air fryer blueberry pie with lemon and cornflour-thickened filling.
Slow-cooked beef and kidney in gravy, baked under shortcrust pastry

Air fryer cherry pie with lemon and cornflour-thickened filling.
For a crisp base, look for recipes that either pre-bake the shell or use a filling that is already thickened before it goes in. Wet fillings can soak pastry before it has time to set, especially in deep pies.
If you want a pie that slices neatly, fillings that set as they cool, such as those thickened with starch or enriched with eggs, are often more predictable than very juicy fillings. Lattice or vented tops help steam escape, which can keep the pastry from turning soft.
For make-ahead ease, many pies benefit from separating tasks: prepare the filling in advance, then assemble and bake when you have oven time. Some pies also settle and slice more cleanly after a short rest, once the filling has stopped bubbling.

Galician tuna pie baked in olive-oil pastry

Mushroom and chestnut Wellington baked in crisp puff pastry

Coconut cream pie with coconut custard and whipped cream

Shortcrust meat pie with pork, veal, herbs and brandy
White fish in creamy sauce, topped with mash and baked golden
Steak and ale pie with onions, carrots and golden shortcrust pastry
Air fryer apple pie with shortcrust pastry and a cinnamon apple filling.
Buttery Dutch appeltaart filled with cinnamon apples and a touch of lemon
Shortcrust apple and blackberry pie with lemon-bright filling baked until golden
Golden empanada gallega filled with onion, red pepper, tomato and tuna
Slow-cooked beef and kidney in gravy, baked under shortcrust pastry
Hand-raised pork pie baked until golden, then cooled to set
Savoury pies are often rich from pastry and gravy, so a crisp, acidic side can bring balance. Think of lightly dressed greens, pickled vegetables, or a sharp relish that cuts through the fat.
Sweet pies tend to benefit from a creamy counterpoint that softens the edges of acidity or spice. A spoonful of cream, custard or ice cream changes the way the filling reads on the palate and highlights the contrast between flaky crust and soft centre.
If the pie has a particularly crisp top, serve it soon after baking to keep that texture. If the filling is very hot and loose, a brief rest helps it settle so the first slice holds together.
Cooking method is a useful next step for pie, because blind-baking, lattice tops and deep-dish bakes each change how heat and moisture move through the crust. Cuisine can also guide you towards familiar pie traditions, from savoury pastry-topped pies to fruit and custard styles.

Thai coconut chicken soup with galangal, lemongrass and mushrooms

Chicken rice bowl with black beans, avocado and lime

Red-braised pork belly simmered until tender and glossy

Chicken tinga rice bowl with chipotle tomato sauce and avocado

Vegan chickpea curry in spiced tomato and onion gravy

Seafood gratin with prawns, scallops, white wine cream and Gruyère

Ripe tomatoes and burrata with basil, olive oil and balsamic

Warm French lentil salad with mustard dressing, shallot and parsley
The line can be blurry, but pies are typically defined by a filling contained by pastry, often with a top crust or deeper sides. Tarts are often shallower and usually open-topped, with the filling visible.
Moisture from the filling can soak into pastry before it sets. Recipes may prevent this by blind-baking, using a thicker filling, or baking on a hot tray to set the base quickly.
Often, yes, especially for fillings with meat or vegetables in gravy. Pre-cooking helps ensure the filling is properly cooked and thickened, so the pastry isn’t asked to do all the work.
Vents let steam escape, which helps the filling reduce and can keep the top crust crisper. Without a vent, steam can build up and soften the pastry.
It depends on the filling. Many pies slice more cleanly after a short rest, when bubbling stops and the filling thickens slightly as it cools.
When you match the pastry and baking approach to the filling’s moisture and thickness, pie becomes far more predictable. Start by deciding whether you want a crisp base, a flaky lid, or both, then choose a recipe that manages steam and setting accordingly.

