
Tahini Sauce
Smooth tahini sauce with lemon, garlic and water

Vegan cooking avoids animal-derived ingredients, which makes the ingredient list the main point of control. The obvious checks are meat, fish, eggs and dairy, but many near-misses come from smaller additions: butter brushed on bread, whey in snacks, egg in pasta, or honey in dressings. This page sets out what the vegan label covers, where animal ingredients commonly hide, and the kinds of substitutions that keep a recipe’s texture and structure intact rather than simply removing ingredients.
A vegan recipe is made without meat, fish, shellfish, dairy, eggs and other animal-derived ingredients. In everyday cooking, the practical challenge is that animal products are used in different roles: eggs set custards and bind batters; dairy adds richness and browning; gelatine sets some desserts; and cheese can be both seasoning and structure.
Vegan also does not automatically mean a recipe is free from other allergens such as nuts, sesame, soy or gluten. Many vegan staples rely on these ingredients for protein and texture. Treat vegan as one clear boundary, then make separate decisions for any additional needs in your kitchen.

Smooth tahini sauce with lemon, garlic and water

Roasted vegetable traybake with garlic, olive oil and oregano

Roasted cauliflower glazed with miso, sesame oil and spring onion

Apple juice mixed with sparkling water over ice

Baked aubergines stuffed with tomato, onion and garlic

Coconut rice with kidney beans, thyme and allspice
When you are selecting vegan recipes, it helps to think about what would otherwise be doing the heavy lifting. For creamy textures, look for recipes built around blended vegetables, pulses, coconut, or plant-based creams, rather than those that simply omit dairy. For baking, notice whether the recipe depends on eggs for lift and structure, or whether it is closer to a quick bread or biscuit where other binders can work.
For savoury depth, many vegan dishes lean on slow-cooked onions, mushrooms, tomatoes, fermented ingredients and toasted spices. If you want a cheese-like finish, some recipes use nut or seed bases, while others rely on sharpness and salt from ingredients such as pickles, capers or olives. The best fit depends on the dish, not on a single universal substitute.
Classic spaghetti aglio e olio with warmed garlic, olive oil, chilli, parsley and lemon
Italian farro salad with grilled courgette, aubergine and peppers in a lemon dressing
Turkish simit are sesame-coated bread rings dipped in molasses before baking
Latin-style quinoa topped with black beans, sweetcorn, avocado and tomato salsa with lime and coriander
Rice topped with spiced black beans, sweetcorn, avocado, tomato, lime and salsa
Gently simmered lemongrass tea, strained and brightened with lime and honey
Crisp-tender broccoli stir-fried with garlic and ginger, finished with soy and sesame
Layered spring onion pancakes with sesame oil, pan-fried crisp and golden
Roasted ratatouille with aubergine, courgette, tomatoes and red onion
Teriyaki tofu with sushi rice, cucumber, edamame, sesame and nori.
A thick açaí and banana smoothie blended with berries and apple juice.
Thick tamarind kadhi with mixed vegetables, spooned over steamed basmati rice
Vegan suitability often hinges on packaged ingredients. Check labels for milk powders, whey, casein, egg, gelatine, honey and animal-derived colourings or flavourings, which can appear in sweets, crisps, sauces and bread products. Because formulations change, it is worth checking even familiar brands.
A vegan label also does not guarantee suitability for allergies. If you are avoiding allergens such as nuts, sesame or soy, read the full ingredient list and consider cross-contact statements where relevant to your household.
Ingredient pages can help you compare plant-based alternatives, such as different milks, creams and egg replacers, because they behave differently in sauces, baking and desserts. Allergen guidance is also a sensible next step if you need vegan recipes that are additionally mindful of nuts, sesame, soy or other common allergens.

Air-fried chicken satay skewers with coconut marinade and peanut sauce.

Vegetable paella with saffron rice, artichokes and roasted peppers

Apricots and strained yoghurt blended into a thick smoothie.

Crisp pastry strudel filled with vanilla quark, lemon and sultanas

Greek chicken and rice soup thickened with egg and lemon

Pierogi-inspired potato and quark bowl topped with crisp bacon

Warm idli with coconut yoghurt chutney and tempering

Chilled Korean cucumber salad with gochugaru and sesame oil
No. Vegan avoids all animal-derived ingredients, including eggs and honey, not just dairy. A dairy-free recipe may still contain eggs, fish or meat.
Typically no. Honey is animal-derived, so it is usually excluded in vegan cooking. Check labels on dressings, granola and baked goods where honey is sometimes used.
Whey and milk powders, casein, egg in pasta or baked goods, gelatine in some desserts and sweets, and butter used for finishing are common examples.
Not always. Some plant milks are sweeter, thinner or more prone to splitting. For cooking, choose a plant milk that suits the job, and be cautious with flavoured or sweetened versions.
It depends on the role of the egg. Some recipes use flax or chia “eggs” for binding, others use aquafaba for foaming, and some rely on baking powder and the right batter balance. It is often easiest to choose a recipe developed to be vegan rather than converting an egg-heavy bake.
No. Nuts and seeds are common in vegan cooking for richness and protein. If you need to avoid nuts, treat that as a separate check.
Vegan cooking is most reliable when the recipe is built around plant ingredients from the start, with substitutions chosen for function: setting, binding, emulsifying or adding richness. Keep label-checking in the routine, especially for packaged foods and finishing touches.

