Modern Mac and Cheese with Cheddar, Gruyère and Panko

Few pasta bakes are as instantly recognisable as mac and cheese: short pasta folded through a creamy cheese sauce, then baked until bubbling and generous. This version keeps the familiar comfort of the dish but sharpens it with cheddar for depth, Gruyère for nutty meltiness, and a small amount of Dijon mustard and smoked paprika to round out the savoury flavour without overwhelming the cheese. The panko topping gives a crisp, golden surface, making each serving creamy underneath with a light crunch on top. It works well as a satisfying lunch, a relaxed main with green salad, or a rich side for a larger meal.
Cuisine style American comfort food
Flavor profile Cheesy • Savoury • Lightly smoky
Techniques Boiling pasta • Making a roux-based cheese sauce • Baking
Key equipment Large pot • Saucepan • Baking dish
Cooking style Make-ahead friendly • Crowd-friendly • Freezer-friendly
Time commitment Under 1 hour

Why this recipe works

  • Smooth cheese sauce: A butter-and-flour roux thickens the milk before the cheeses are added, giving the sauce body without relying on extra cream.
  • Balanced savoury depth: Cheddar brings sharpness, Gruyère adds nuttiness, and Dijon mustard and smoked paprika lift the sauce without overwhelming the cheese.
  • Crunchy baked topping: Panko breadcrumbs form a light, crisp surface that contrasts with the creamy pasta underneath.

Get the most out of this recipe

Ingredient notes

  • Grate the cheese yourself: Freshly grated cheddar and Gruyère melt more smoothly than pre-grated cheese, which can make the sauce feel grainy.
  • Use a good melting cheese: If replacing Gruyère, choose a cheese that melts well, such as Emmental, rather than a crumbly or very dry cheese.

Texture tips

  • Stop the pasta early: Cook the macaroni just shy of al dente so it can finish in the oven without becoming soft.
  • Add cheese off the heat: Removing the sauce from the heat before stirring in the cheese helps it melt gently and stay smooth.
  • Let it stand before serving: A short rest after baking allows the sauce to settle slightly, making the portions neater and creamier.

Common mistakes

  • Do not boil the sauce hard: Keep the milk mixture at a gentle simmer; high heat can thicken it unevenly and make the final sauce less silky.
  • Drain the pasta well: Excess water clinging to the macaroni can thin the cheese sauce and soften the baked topping.

Make-ahead tips

  • Assemble ahead: The mac and cheese can be assembled in advance and chilled before baking; add the panko just before it goes into the oven for the best crunch.
  • Reheat gently: Reheat covered in a 180°C (355°F) oven until piping hot, adding a splash of milk if the pasta looks dry.
  • Freeze in portions: Cool completely, freeze in portions, then defrost overnight in the fridge before reheating.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients
Instructions
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  1. Heat the oven to 200°C (390°F). Bring a large pot of water to the boil and season it with 1 1/2 tsp of the fine sea salt.
  2. Cook the macaroni until just shy of al dente, about 1 minute less than the packet suggests. Drain well in a colander and set aside.
  3. In a saucepan over medium heat, melt the unsalted butter. Whisk in the plain flour and cook for 1 minute until it smells biscuity but has not coloured.
  4. Gradually whisk in the whole milk until smooth, then bring to a gentle simmer, whisking often. Cook for 3 to 5 minutes until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon.
  5. Take the pan off the heat and whisk in the Dijon mustard, smoked paprika, black pepper, and the remaining 1/2 tsp fine sea salt. Stir in the cheddar cheese and Gruyère cheese a handful at a time until fully melted and smooth.
  6. Add the drained macaroni to the cheese sauce and fold until evenly coated. Tip into a baking dish and level the top.
  7. Scatter the panko breadcrumbs evenly over the top. Bake for 12 to 15 minutes until bubbling at the edges and golden on top.
  8. Leave to stand for 5 minutes so the sauce settles slightly, then serve hot. Grind over a little extra black pepper at the table if you like.

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Recipe notes

Serving suggestions

This recipe pairs well with:

Green salad

Tips

  • Grate the cheddar cheese and Gruyère cheese yourself for the smoothest sauce, as pre-grated cheese can make the sauce grainy.
  • Keep the sauce at a gentle simmer after adding the whole milk; a hard boil can make it thicken unevenly.
  • If serving to anyone who should avoid undercooked foods, make sure the dish is baked until piping hot throughout.

Substitutions

  • Replace Gruyère cheese with Emmental cheese for a milder, nuttier finish.
  • Replace Dijon mustard with whole-grain mustard for a softer heat and a little texture.
  • Replace smoked paprika with sweet paprika for a less smoky flavour.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 3 days
  • Cool completely, then cover and refrigerate for up to 3 days. Reheat in a 180°C (355°F) oven until piping hot, adding a splash of whole milk if it looks dry. Freeze in portions for up to 2 months; defrost overnight in the fridge before reheating.

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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 4 servings
  • Total time: 45min (25min active)
  • Difficulty: Medium
  • Cuisine: American
  • Allergens:
    Gluten Milk Mustard Wheat
With serving suggestions Freezer friendly Kid friendly

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