Malabar Prawn Biryani

In Malabar-style prawn biryani, long-grain basmati rice is layered with a seafood masala rather than mixed through, giving the finished dish distinct pockets of spiced prawns, sweet caramelised onion and fragrant rice. This version keeps the prawns gently cooked so they stay tender during the final steaming, while ginger, garlic, green chilli, tomato, yoghurt and garam masala create a rounded, savoury base. Fresh mint, coriander and lemon lift the richness, making it aromatic without feeling heavy. It is a generous dinner dish that suits both weekend cooking and relaxed sharing meals.
Cuisine style South Indian coastal biryani
Spice level Medium
Cooking style Crowd-friendly
Time commitment Slow-cooked

Why this recipe works

  • Layered flavour: Caramelised onions, ginger, garlic, green chilli, garam masala and herbs build depth without overwhelming the prawns.
  • Layered steaming: Parboiled rice finishes gently over the masala, helping the grains absorb aroma while keeping the biryani distinct rather than stirred together.
  • Balanced richness: Yoghurt and lemon cut through the ghee and spices, giving the biryani a fresher finish.

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Timing notes

  • Rice and onions set the pace: Most of the time goes into soaking, parboiling and caramelising; once the prawns go in, the cooking should move quickly.
  • Rest before serving: Keeping the pan covered for a short rest after steaming lets the rice settle and makes it easier to fluff without breaking the layers.

Adjust the heat

  • For a milder biryani: Use fewer green chillies or remove some of the seeds before cooking them into the masala.
  • For more heat: Add extra green chilli to the onion masala, keeping the lemon and herbs generous so the heat stays balanced.

Texture tips

  • Keep the prawns tender: Cook the prawns only until just opaque in the masala, as they continue cooking during the final steam.
  • Protect the rice grains: Drain the parboiled rice well and avoid stirring the finished biryani aggressively; lift and fluff from the edges instead.

Ingredient notes

  • Use basmati rice: Basmati is important here because its long grains stay separate and aromatic when layered and steamed.
  • Fresh herbs matter: Mint and coriander bring the bright, green finish that balances the rich onions, ghee and spiced prawn masala.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients
Instructions
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  1. Rinse the basmati rice in several changes of cold water until the water runs mostly clear, then soak it for 20 minutes. Meanwhile, thinly slice the onions, finely grate the ginger, and crush the garlic. Slit the green chilli peppers and roughly chop the tomatoes.
  2. Bring a large pot of water to the boil. Drain the rice, add it to the boiling water and cook for 6 to 7 minutes until the grains are just tender on the outside but still firm in the centre. Drain well in a colander and set aside.
  3. Heat the ghee in a wide saucepan over medium heat. Add the onions and cook, stirring often, for 18 to 22 minutes until deep golden and caramelised. Scoop out about one third of the onions and set aside for layering.
  4. To the pan with the remaining onions, add the ginger, garlic and green chilli peppers and cook for 1 minute until fragrant. Stir in the tomatoes and cook for 5 to 6 minutes until softened and jammy. Lower the heat and stir in the yogurt and garam masala; cook gently for 2 minutes until the masala looks cohesive.
  5. Add the prawns and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, stirring, until they are just opaque and curled. Turn off the heat and stir through half the mint and half the coriander. Squeeze in the juice from half the lemon.
  6. To layer, spread half the parboiled rice over the prawn masala, then scatter over half the reserved caramelised onions and the remaining mint and coriander. Spoon over the remaining rice and finish with the remaining onions. Squeeze over the remaining lemon juice.
  7. Cover the pan tightly with a lid and set it over the lowest heat. Steam for 18 to 20 minutes until the rice is tender and the biryani smells aromatic; if you hear vigorous sizzling, reduce the heat further. Rest, covered, for 5 minutes, then gently fluff from the edges to keep the layers distinct.

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Recipe notes

Tips

  • Keep the heat very low during the final steaming so the base does not catch; a heat diffuser helps if your hob runs hot.
  • Do not overcook the prawns in the masala, as they will finish cooking during the steaming stage.
  • If serving anyone who is vulnerable, make sure the prawns are cooked until fully opaque and piping hot throughout.

Substitutions

  • Replace Whole milk yogurt with Greek yogurt for a thicker, richer masala.
  • Replace Green chili pepper with a smaller amount of Green chili pepper for a milder biryani, keeping the same ingredient but reducing the heat by using fewer chillies.
  • Replace Ghee with Ghee in a smaller amount if you prefer a lighter finish, then add a splash of hot water during steaming to keep the rice moist.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 2 days
  • Cool quickly, then refrigerate in an airtight container. Reheat in a covered saucepan over low heat with a small splash of water, stirring gently, until piping hot throughout.

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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 4 servings
  • Total time: 1h 30min (40min active)
  • Difficulty: Medium
  • Cuisine: Indian
  • Allergens:
    Crustaceans Milk

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