Ratatouille

Ratatouille is one of the most recognisable vegetable dishes of southern French cooking: a gently simmered stew where aubergine, courgette, pepper and ripe tomatoes become soft, glossy and deeply savoury without losing all their shape. Onion, garlic, thyme and bay give the base its aromatic warmth, while tomato purée adds depth and a little balsamic vinegar sharpens the finish. It is traditionally served warm or at room temperature, either as a generous plant-based main with bread or grains, or as a side for roasted meat, fish or eggs. The key is patient, low simmering so the vegetables turn silky rather than mushy.
Cuisine style French Provençal home cooking
Cooking style One-pot cooking • Make-ahead friendly • Freezer-friendly

Why this recipe works

  • Layered vegetable flavour: Cooking the onion, garlic, pepper and aubergine in stages helps each vegetable develop flavour before the stew simmers.
  • Balanced finish: Tomato purée deepens the savoury base, while balsamic vinegar adds brightness to balance the sweetness of the softened vegetables.
  • Excellent made ahead: The flavours settle and become more rounded after resting, making this a practical dish to cook in advance.

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Ingredient notes

  • Use ripe tomatoes: Ripe plum tomatoes give the stew natural sweetness and a fuller sauce; underripe tomatoes can taste sharper and less rounded.
  • Keep the pieces even: Cutting the vegetables to a similar size helps them cook at the same pace while keeping the stew spoonable rather than mushy.
  • Fresh or dried thyme: Fresh thyme gives a softer herbal aroma, but dried thyme works well if added with the tomatoes so it has time to infuse.

Texture tips

  • For more defined vegetables: Simmer gently and stop cooking when the aubergine and courgette are tender but still holding their shape.
  • For a thicker stew: Uncover the pot near the end of cooking so excess moisture can evaporate and the tomato base can reduce slightly.

Make-ahead tips

  • Good the next day: Ratatouille is well suited to making ahead because the herbs, garlic and tomato flavours continue to meld as it rests.
  • Freeze in portions: Cool completely before freezing in sealed portions, then defrost overnight in the fridge before reheating.
  • Reheat gently: Warm it over low heat, stirring occasionally, and add a splash of water if the sauce has thickened too much.

Authenticity notes

  • Provençal roots: Ratatouille is closely associated with Provençal cooking, where summer vegetables, olive oil, garlic and herbs are used to create a simple, deeply savoury stew.
  • Rustic rather than arranged: This version follows the rustic stewed style rather than the neatly layered presentation often seen in modern interpretations.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients
Instructions
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  1. Prepare the vegetables: peel and finely slice the onion, finely slice the garlic, deseed and cut the red pepper into bite-size pieces, and cut the aubergine and courgettes into 2 cm chunks. Roughly chop the tomatoes.
  2. Heat 2 tbsp of the olive oil in a Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the onion with a pinch of salt and cook for 8 to 10 minutes, stirring, until soft and lightly golden.
  3. Stir in the garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant. Add the red pepper and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until it begins to soften.
  4. Add the remaining 2 tbsp olive oil, then add the aubergine and cook for 6 to 8 minutes, stirring, until the edges start to colour. Add the courgettes and cook for 3 minutes to coat in the oil.
  5. Stir in the tomatoes and tomato purée, then add the thyme sprigs and bay leaves. Bring to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low, cover, and cook for 18 to 22 minutes until the vegetables are tender but not collapsing.
  6. Uncover and simmer for 5 to 8 minutes to thicken slightly. Stir in the balsamic vinegar, then remove the thyme sprigs and bay leaves before serving.

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Recipe notes

Tips

  • Cut the vegetables to a similar size so they soften at the same rate and the stew stays nicely textured.
  • Keep the heat low once it simmers; ratatouille should cook gently so the vegetables turn silky rather than breaking down.
  • If serving to anyone who is vulnerable, make sure the stew is piping hot all the way through before serving.

Substitutions

  • Replace Balsamic vinegar with red wine vinegar for a brighter, less sweet finish.
  • Replace Fresh thyme with dried thyme, using a smaller amount, and add it with the tomatoes.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 4 days
  • Cool completely, then refrigerate in a sealed container. Reheat gently in a saucepan over low heat, stirring occasionally, until piping hot; add a splash of water if it looks dry. Freeze in portions for up to 3 months and defrost overnight in the fridge before reheating.

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Ratatouille
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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 4 servings
  • Total time: 1h (25min active)
  • Difficulty: Easy
  • Cuisine: French
Beginner friendly One pot Freezer friendly Kid friendly

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