Baked Macaroni and Cheese with Breadcrumb Topping
Why this recipe works
- Creamy, stable sauce: A flour-thickened milk sauce helps the cheddar melt smoothly and cling to the macaroni as it bakes.
- Crisp topping: Buttered breadcrumbs add crunch and colour, giving contrast to the soft pasta and creamy cheese sauce.
- Balanced savoury flavour: Dijon mustard, garlic, nutmeg, and black pepper sharpen the richness of the cheddar without making the dish taste heavily spiced.
Get the most out of this recipe
Ingredient notes
- Cheddar choice: A mature cheddar gives the strongest flavour, while a milder cheddar makes the bake softer and more family-friendly.
- Breadcrumb texture: Fine breadcrumbs create an even golden crust; panko gives a lighter, crunchier finish.
- Mustard balance: Dijon adds gentle sharpness that cuts through the richness of the cheese sauce.
Timing notes
- Rest before serving: Letting the bake stand briefly helps the sauce settle so portions spoon out more neatly.
- Best served hot: The contrast between bubbling sauce and crisp topping is strongest soon after baking.
Make-ahead tips
- Keep the topping crisp: If preparing ahead, keep the buttered breadcrumbs separate and scatter them over just before baking.
- Reheat gently: Add a splash of milk if the pasta looks dry, then reheat until piping hot throughout.
- Freeze in portions: Cool completely before freezing in airtight portions, then defrost in the fridge before reheating.
Common mistakes
- Cooking the pasta too far: Boil the macaroni just shy of al dente so it can finish in the oven without turning soft.
- Adding cheese over high heat: Take the sauce off the heat before stirring in the cheddar to keep it glossy rather than grainy.
- Baking too long: Remove the dish when the edges are bubbling and the topping is golden; overbaking can make the sauce tighten.
Equipment you'll need
Ingredients
Instructions
- Heat the oven to 200°C (390°F). Bring a large pot of water to the boil and season it with 1 tsp of the fine sea salt.
- Cook the macaroni until just shy of al dente, about 1 minute less than the packet suggests. Drain well and set aside.
- Melt 20 g of the unsalted butter in a small saucepan, then stir in the breadcrumbs until evenly coated. Set aside for the topping.
- In a saucepan, melt the remaining unsalted butter over medium heat. Whisk in the plain flour and cook for 1 minute until it smells biscuity but has not coloured.
- Gradually whisk in the whole milk until smooth, then bring to a gentle simmer, whisking often. Cook for 3 to 5 minutes until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon.
- Take the pan off the heat and whisk in the Dijon mustard, ground garlic, ground nutmeg, black pepper, and the remaining fine sea salt. Stir in the cheddar cheese until melted and glossy.
- Fold the macaroni into the cheese sauce, then spoon into a baking dish and level the top. Scatter over the buttery breadcrumbs.
- Bake for 18 to 22 minutes until bubbling around the edges and golden on top. Rest for 5 minutes before serving so the sauce settles slightly.
Recipe notes
Tips
- For the best texture, cook the macaroni just under al dente so it finishes cooking in the oven without turning soft.
- If the sauce thickens too much before the cheese goes in, whisk in a splash more whole milk over low heat until smooth.
- For anyone who is pregnant, elderly, or immunocompromised, ensure the bake is piping hot throughout before serving.
Substitutions
- Replace Cheddar cheese with Gruyere cheese for a nuttier, more savoury finish.
- Replace Dijon mustard with Bavarian sweet mustard for a milder, slightly sweeter flavour.
- Replace Breadcrumbs with Panko breadcrumbs for a lighter, crunchier topping.
Storage
- Refrigerate up to 3 days
- Cool completely, then cover and refrigerate. Reheat portions in a 180°C (355°F) oven until piping hot; add a splash of whole milk before reheating if it looks dry. Freeze in airtight portions for up to 2 months and defrost overnight in the fridge before reheating.
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Recipe overview
- Servings: 4 servings
- Total time: 55min (25min active)
- Difficulty: Easy
- Cuisine: American
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Allergens:
Gluten Milk Wheat
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