Croque Madame (Ham and Gruyère Toastie with Béchamel and Fried Egg)

A croque madame takes the familiar French ham-and-cheese toastie into richer territory with a blanket of béchamel, melted Gruyère and a fried egg on top. The sandwich should be crisp at the edges, soft and savoury in the middle, and creamy across the surface, with Dijon adding just enough sharpness to cut through the butter and cheese. Often served as a café-style lunch or simple supper, it needs little more than a green salad alongside. The runny yolk is part of its character, though it can be cooked through when preferred.
Cuisine style French café-style comfort food
Flavor profile Rich • Cheesy • Savoury • Light mustard sharpness
Techniques Making béchamel • Baking • Frying eggs
Key equipment Oven • Baking tray • Saucepan • Frying pan
Time commitment Under 30 minutes

Why this recipe works

  • Creamy top, soft centre: Béchamel and melted Gruyère create a rich topping while the ham and bread stay tender inside.
  • Balanced savoury flavour: Dijon mustard cuts through the cheese and butter, while nutmeg adds gentle warmth to the béchamel.
  • Fast bistro-style cooking: The sauce, sandwiches and eggs are prepared in parallel, keeping the whole dish within a short cooking window.

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Authenticity notes

  • French café style: A Croque Madame is the fried-egg version of a Croque Monsieur, commonly served in French cafés and brasseries as a rich hot sandwich.
  • Classic side: A simple green salad is a natural match, bringing acidity and freshness to balance the béchamel, cheese and egg.

Ingredient notes

  • Choose a good melting cheese: Gruyère gives the sandwich its nutty, savoury depth; emmental is a milder alternative with a similar melt.
  • Warm milk helps the sauce: Slightly warming the milk before whisking it into the roux makes it easier to form a smooth béchamel.

Common mistakes

  • Letting the béchamel get too thick: The sauce should coat the back of a spoon but still be spoonable; loosen it gently with a little more milk if needed.
  • Cooking the eggs too early: Fry the eggs while the sandwiches bake so the whites are just set and the yolks are still warm when served.
  • Using a cold tray: Heating the baking tray first helps the bread start to crisp underneath rather than steaming.

Make-ahead tips

  • Best served immediately: Croque Madame is at its best straight from the oven, when the cheese is molten and the egg is freshly fried.
  • Reheat without the egg: If needed, refrigerate the baked sandwiches without the eggs, then reheat on a baking tray at 200°C (390°F) until piping hot and fry fresh eggs to serve.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients
Instructions
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  1. Heat the oven to 220°C (430°F) and put a baking tray inside to warm. In a saucepan over medium heat, melt 25 g of the unsalted butter, then whisk in the plain flour and cook for 1 minute until it smells biscuity. Gradually whisk in the whole milk until smooth, then cook for 3 to 5 minutes, whisking, until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon; season with the ground nutmeg and a little of the black pepper.
  2. Lay out the white bread and spread the dijon mustard over two slices. Divide the cured ham between them, then sprinkle over half of the gruyère cheese and close with the remaining bread. Lightly butter the outside of each sandwich with 10 g of the remaining unsalted butter.
  3. Carefully place the sandwiches on the hot tray. Spoon the béchamel over the tops, then scatter over the remaining gruyère cheese. Bake for 8 to 10 minutes until bubbling and deeply golden on top.
  4. While the sandwiches bake, melt the remaining 5 g unsalted butter in a frying pan over medium heat. Fry the eggs for 2 to 3 minutes until the whites are set and the yolks are still runny, seasoning with the remaining black pepper. Top each baked sandwich with a fried egg and serve straight away.

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Recipe notes

Serving suggestions

This recipe pairs well with:

Green salad

Tips

  • For a smoother béchamel, warm the whole milk slightly before whisking it into the butter and flour.
  • If the sauce thickens too much, whisk in a splash more whole milk over low heat until it loosens.
  • For vulnerable groups (young children, older adults, pregnant people, and anyone immunocompromised), cook the eggs until the yolks are set.

Substitutions

  • Replace Dijon mustard with whole-grain mustard for a milder heat and a coarser texture.
  • Replace Gruyère cheese with emmental cheese for a similar melt and flavour.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 1 days
  • Best eaten straight away. If needed, cool and refrigerate the baked sandwiches (without the eggs), then reheat on a baking tray at 200°C (390°F) for 8 to 10 minutes until piping hot; fry fresh eggs to serve.

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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 2 servings
  • Total time: 25min (20min active)
  • Difficulty: Easy
  • Cuisine: French
  • Allergens:
    Eggs Gluten Milk Wheat
Beginner friendly With serving suggestions

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