Xiao Long Bao (Chinese Soup Dumplings)

Delicate pleated parcels with a savoury broth hidden inside, xiao long bao are among the most recognisable Chinese steamed dumplings. Their defining feature is the gelatine-rich aspic folded into seasoned pork, which melts during steaming to create the hot soup at the centre. Thin wheat wrappers, a slightly thicker base and neat pleating are key to holding the filling without becoming doughy. Best eaten straight from the steamer while the wrappers are glossy and tender, they make an impressive appetiser and reward careful preparation with rich pork flavour, ginger-spring onion aroma and that distinctive burst of broth.
Cuisine style Chinese dumpling house cooking
Flavor profile Savoury • Umami • Ginger-scented
Techniques Simmering aspic • Hot-water dough • Pleating • Steaming
Key equipment Steamer • Rolling pin • Sieve
Cooking style Make-ahead friendly • Crowd-friendly
Time commitment Under 3 hours

Why this recipe works

  • Soup-filled centre: A chilled pork-rind aspic is folded into the filling, then melts during steaming to create the signature hot broth inside each dumpling.
  • Thin wrapper, juicy filling: Rested hot-water dough rolls out smoothly, allowing thinner edges for neat pleats while keeping the centre strong enough to hold the soup.
  • Clean savoury seasoning: Ginger, spring onion, soy sauce, Shaoxing wine and sesame oil season the pork without overpowering the broth.

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Timing notes

  • Chill the aspic fully: The stock needs to set firm before mixing into the pork; soft aspic is harder to fold through and more likely to leak during shaping.
  • Rest the dough before rolling: A short rest relaxes the gluten, making the wrappers easier to roll thinly without shrinking back.
  • Serve immediately: Xiao long bao are at their best straight from the steamer, while the wrappers are supple and the broth inside is still hot.

Texture tips

  • Keep the filling cold: Chilled filling holds its shape, making the dumplings easier to pleat and helping the aspic stay in distinct pieces.
  • Roll the edges thinner: A slightly thicker centre supports the filling, while thinner edges prevent the pleated top from becoming dense and doughy.
  • Steam just until glossy: The wrappers should look slightly translucent and the filling should be cooked through; over-steaming can weaken the skins.

Ingredient notes

  • Pork rind creates the soup: The gelatin from simmered pork rind is what sets the aspic and forms the broth inside the dumplings once steamed.
  • Use minced pork with enough fat: A little fat in the pork keeps the filling juicy and cohesive rather than dry or crumbly.
  • Shaoxing wine alternatives: Dry sherry gives a similar aroma, while dark soy sauce will make the filling deeper in colour and slightly sweeter than light soy.

Make-ahead tips

  • Freeze uncooked dumplings: Arrange shaped dumplings in a single layer until firm, then store frozen so they keep their shape.
  • Steam from frozen: Cook frozen dumplings directly from the freezer, allowing a little extra steaming time until the centres are piping hot.
  • Best freshly steamed: Cooked xiao long bao lose their delicate texture quickly, so avoid steaming them far in advance.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients

Aspic

Dough

Filling and assembly

Instructions
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  1. Rinse the pork rind well, then put it in a large pot with the water. Add the ginger and spring onion, bring to the boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer.
  2. Simmer for 60 minutes, topping up with a little water if needed so the rind stays mostly submerged. Stir in the light soy sauce, Shaoxing Cooking Wine, fine sea salt and white pepper for the last 5 minutes.
  3. Strain the liquid through a sieve into a shallow dish, pressing to extract as much gelatin-rich stock as possible. Cool to room temperature, then chill until fully set and firm.
  4. Make the dough: put the plain flour and fine sea salt in a mixing bowl. Pour in the hot water and stir with a wooden spoon until a shaggy dough forms, then knead until smooth and elastic.
  5. Cover and rest the dough for 30 minutes so it relaxes and rolls thinly without springing back.
  6. Finely grate the ginger and thinly slice the spring onion. In a bowl, mix the minced pork with the ginger, spring onion, light soy sauce, Shaoxing Cooking Wine, sesame oil, fine sea salt and white pepper until tacky and well combined.
  7. Cut the chilled aspic into small cubes, then fold it through the pork mixture so it stays in distinct pieces. Keep the filling chilled while you roll the wrappers so the aspic does not soften.
  8. Divide the dough into 20 pieces and keep them covered as you work. Roll each piece into a thin round, leaving the centre slightly thicker than the edges.
  9. Place a spoonful of filling in the centre of each wrapper, then pleat and pinch to seal at the top. Set each dumpling upright and keep them covered while you finish shaping the rest.
  10. Bring water to a steady boil in the steamer base. Steam the dumplings in batches for 8 to 10 minutes, until the wrappers look glossy and slightly translucent and the filling is cooked through.

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Recipe notes

Tips

  • Keep the aspic and filling cold while shaping; if the aspic softens, it is harder to pleat and you will lose soup during steaming.
  • Roll the edges thinner than the centre so the pleats seal neatly without a thick, doughy top knot.
  • Food safety: if serving to pregnant people, young children, older adults, or anyone immunocompromised, ensure the pork is cooked until piping hot throughout.

Substitutions

  • Replace Shaoxing Cooking Wine with dry sherry for a similar aroma.
  • Replace light soy sauce with dark soy sauce for a deeper colour and slightly sweeter flavour, but use the same amount.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 1 days
  • Best eaten straight away. For make-ahead, freeze uncooked dumplings in a single layer until firm, then store frozen and steam from frozen, adding 2 to 3 minutes, until the centres are piping hot.

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Xiao Long Bao (Chinese Soup Dumplings)
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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 4 servings
  • Total time: 2h 30min (1h 10min active)
  • Difficulty: Advanced
  • Cuisine: Chinese
  • Allergens:
    Gluten Soybeans Wheat
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