Gubana (Friulian Sweet Spiral Loaf with Nuts and Raisins)

Gubana is a traditional sweet loaf from Friuli, shaped so its enriched dough and spiced fruit-and-nut filling form a clean spiral when sliced. The bread sits somewhere between a festive bake and a generous breakfast pastry: buttery, softly yeasted and fragrant with walnuts, raisins, citrus zest, cinnamon and rum. Its character comes from the tight roll and coiled shape, which distribute the filling through the loaf rather than keeping it in a single centre. Served fully cooled and cut with a serrated knife, it makes neat slices for coffee, dessert or a celebratory table.
Cuisine style Friulian Italian baking
Cooking style Make-ahead friendly • Freezer-friendly • Crowd-friendly

Why this recipe works

  • Aromatic filling: Walnuts, raisins, citrus zest, cinnamon and dark rum create a warm, nutty centre that contrasts well with the buttery dough.
  • Distinct spiral shape: Rolling and coiling the filled dough gives gubana its recognisable spiral and distributes the filling through every slice.
  • Good for preparing ahead: The loaf keeps well once baked and slices can be frozen, making it practical for entertaining or serving over several days.

Get the most out of this recipe

Timing notes

  • Judge the rise by feel: The first rise should double the dough, while the second should leave it puffy and slow to spring back when pressed.
  • Cool before slicing: Let the loaf cool completely so the enriched crumb sets and the spiral stays neat when cut.

Ingredient notes

  • Keep the nuts finely chopped: Small walnut pieces spread more evenly through the filling and help the loaf roll cleanly without tearing the dough.
  • Use dark rum for depth: Dark rum gives the raisins warmth and helps create a glossy finish when brushed over the hot loaf.
  • Citrus keeps it balanced: Lemon zest and dried orange zest lift the sweet nut filling and stop it feeling too heavy.

Authenticity notes

  • Friulian sweet baking: Gubana is closely associated with Friuli, where enriched dough, nuts, dried fruit and warm spices are a classic combination.
  • Nut variations: Walnuts are typical, but hazelnuts can be used for a more aromatic, praline-like flavour.

Make-ahead tips

  • Bake in advance: The loaf can be baked ahead and kept well wrapped at cool room temperature or in the fridge.
  • Freeze in slices: Freeze well-wrapped slices so they can be defrosted individually as needed.
  • Refresh before serving: Defrost slices at room temperature, then warm them gently in a 160°C (320°F) oven to soften the crumb.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients

Dough

Filling and finish

Instructions
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  1. Warm the milk until just lukewarm, then stir in the caster sugar and instant yeast. Leave for 5 minutes until the surface looks slightly foamy. Meanwhile, lightly grease a loaf tin with a little of the butter.
  2. Put the flour and fine sea salt in the bowl of a stand mixer. Add 2 eggs and the milk mixture, then mix with the dough hook until a shaggy dough forms. Knead on medium speed for 6 to 8 minutes until smooth and elastic.
  3. Add the softened butter a little at a time, kneading until fully incorporated and the dough is glossy and supple. Shape into a ball and place in a lightly greased bowl. Cover and leave to rise until doubled in size.
  4. While the dough rises, put the raisins in a small bowl and pour over the dark rum. Leave to soak, stirring once or twice. Finely grate the lemon zest and set aside.
  5. Finely chop the walnuts, then mix with the caster sugar, ground cinnamon, dried orange zest and the lemon zest. Drain the raisins, reserving 1 tbsp of the rum for brushing later. Stir the raisins into the walnut mixture.
  6. Tip the risen dough onto a lightly floured surface and roll into a rectangle about 35 x 25 cm. Brush the surface with the melted butter, leaving a 2 cm border on one long edge. Spread the filling evenly over the buttered dough, pressing it in lightly.
  7. Roll the dough up tightly from the long edge into a log, then coil it into a spiral. Transfer the spiral to the loaf tin, tucking the end underneath. Cover and leave to prove until puffy and the dough springs back slowly when pressed.
  8. Heat the oven to 180°C (355°F). Beat the remaining egg, then brush it over the top of the loaf. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes until deep golden and the loaf sounds hollow when tapped; if it colours too quickly, loosely cover with foil.
  9. Brush the hot loaf with the reserved rum for a glossy finish. Cool in the tin for 15 minutes, then turn out onto a cooling rack and cool completely before slicing to keep the spiral neat. Slice with a serrated knife.

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Recipe notes

Tips

  • For a neat spiral, chill the baked loaf for 20 minutes once fully cool, then slice with a gentle sawing motion.
  • If you have a thermometer, the loaf is ready when the centre reaches about 93°C (200°F).
  • If serving to children or anyone avoiding alcohol, bake a little longer and skip the rum brushing at the end; the loaf will still be glossy from the egg wash.

Substitutions

  • Replace dark rum with brandy for a rounder, fruitier warmth in the filling.
  • Replace walnuts with hazelnuts for a more aromatic, praline-like flavour.
  • Replace dried orange zest with dried lemon zest for a sharper citrus note.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 4 days
  • Store wrapped airtight at cool room temperature for up to 2 days, or in the fridge for up to 4 days. Freeze slices well wrapped for up to 2 months; defrost at room temperature, then warm in a 160°C (320°F) oven for 8 to 10 minutes.

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Gubana (Friulian Sweet Spiral Loaf with Nuts and Raisins)
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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 10 servings
  • Yield: spiral loaf
  • Total time: 3h 30min (55min active)
  • Difficulty: Medium
  • Cuisine: Italian
  • Allergens:
    Eggs Gluten Milk Walnuts Wheat
Freezer friendly Kid friendly

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