Pepes Ikan (Fish Steamed in Banana Leaf)

Pepes ikan is an Indonesian banana-leaf fish parcel, valued for the way gentle steaming draws flavour from fresh aromatics rather than relying on heavy sauces. White fish is coated with a smooth paste of shallot, garlic, ginger, chilli, lime and salt, then wrapped with bruised lemongrass, kaffir lime leaf and basil so the steam carries their fragrance through the flesh. The banana leaf helps keep the fish moist, traps the savoury juices and gives the dish its recognisable wrapped presentation. Serve the parcels hot, opening them at the table if you like, with the fragrant cooking liquid spooned back over the flaky fish.
Cuisine style Indonesian banana-leaf cooking
Spice level Medium
Cooking style Minimal cleanup
Time commitment Under 1 hour

Why this recipe works

  • Gentle banana-leaf steaming: Wrapping the fish in banana leaves keeps it moist while allowing the aromatics to infuse the parcel.
  • Fragrant spice paste: Shallot, garlic, ginger, chilli, lime and herbs create a bright, savoury base without needing a long cooking time.
  • Fresh citrus balance: Lime zest and juice sharpen the rich, aromatic paste and lift the flavour of the steamed fish.

Get the most out of this recipe

Adjust the heat

  • For gentler heat: Remove the chilli seeds and use less chilli in the paste, keeping the lime and herbs for brightness.
  • For more intensity: Add extra fresh chilli to the paste or serve the cooked parcels with sambal on the side.
  • Keep the flavour balanced: If increasing the chilli, add a little extra lime juice at the end to keep the heat fresh rather than heavy.

Ingredient notes

  • Choose firm white fish: A firm, skinless white fish fillet holds its shape well in the parcel and flakes cleanly after steaming.
  • Soften the banana leaves first: Briefly warming or dipping the leaves makes them flexible enough to fold without tearing.
  • Use fresh aromatics where possible: Fresh lemongrass, kaffir lime leaf and basil give the parcels their distinctive fragrance.

Timing notes

  • Best served hot: Open the parcels at the table or just before serving so the trapped steam and aromatics are at their best.
  • Brief resting helps: A short rest after steaming lets the juices settle before the parcel is opened.
  • Adjust for fish thickness: Thicker portions may need a little longer in the steamer; check that the fish is opaque and flakes easily.

Authenticity notes

  • Banana-leaf wrapping: Pepes is recognised for cooking seasoned fish or other ingredients inside banana leaves, which act as both wrapper and flavour carrier.
  • Home-style serving: The parcels are commonly served simply, with the cooking juices spooned back over the fish.

Equipment you'll need

Ingredients
Instructions
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  1. Set up a steamer over a pan of simmering water. Briefly pass the banana leaves over a low flame or dip in hot water until pliable, then pat dry.
  2. Cut the fish into 4 equal portions and place in a bowl. Finely grate the zest from the lime, then squeeze in the juice.
  3. Roughly chop the shallots, garlic, ginger and chillies. Add them to a food processor with the vegetable oil and fine sea salt, then blitz to a smooth paste.
  4. Bruise the lemongrass with the back of a knife, then cut each piece in half. Tear the kaffir lime leaves and basil leaves to release their aroma.
  5. Coat the fish thoroughly in the spice paste and lime mixture. Leave to stand while you lay out the banana leaves.
  6. Place a portion of fish on each banana leaf and top with lemongrass, kaffir lime leaf and basil. Fold into neat parcels, tucking the sides in to seal as well as you can.
  7. Steam the parcels for 15 to 18 minutes, or until the fish is opaque and flakes easily. Rest for 2 minutes, then open carefully and spoon the fragrant juices over the fish to serve.

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Recipe notes

Tips

  • Keep the steamer at a steady simmer so the parcels cook gently; a rolling boil can split the banana leaves and wash flavour away.
  • If your fish portions are thicker, add 2 to 3 minutes and check by opening one parcel and testing for easy flaking.
  • If serving to pregnant people, young children, older adults, or anyone immunocompromised, make sure the fish is cooked until piping hot throughout.

Substitutions

  • Replace Fresh basil with Fresh coriander for a more citrusy, herbal finish.
  • Replace Red chili pepper with a smaller amount of the same ingredient, with the seeds removed, for a milder heat.
  • Replace Shallot with White onion for a slightly stronger, sweeter base.

Storage

  • Refrigerate up to 2 days
  • Cool, then refrigerate the fish in a sealed container. Reheat in a steamer until piping hot, or warm gently in a covered pan with any reserved juices to keep it moist.

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Recipe overview

  • Servings: 4 servings
  • Total time: 50min (25min active)
  • Difficulty: Medium
  • Cuisine: Indonesian
  • Allergens:
    Fish

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